Monday, December 30, 2019

Laboratorio de Analisis Argentina Essay examples - 1437 Words

Due to increasing competition in the field of medical testing it has become prudent for Laboratorio De Analisis Argentina (LAA) to evaluate its process and identify strengths and weaknesses to improve the operations of their laboratories. An in-depth investigation into day-to-day, step-by-step breakdown of activities has uncovered where, and how LAA can achieve efficient operations. From the original collection of samples to the final step of communicating the test results to the patients, LAA has shown that they have created a process with numerous factors to success as well as room for improvement. The following is a flow chart representative of the steps of the process and the reliance each step has to other steps: While not†¦show more content†¦If the company is adamant at meeting the 5,000 sample a day mark and removing demand variability it may be worthwhile to look into holding off on samples arriving later in the day as to have immediate work for testers and the la tter steps at the beginning of the next day. Samples from the second 8-hour shift of a certain day that are processed during the first 8-hour shift of the following day will still meet the objective of communicating results within the 24-hour limit. This technique could also potentially decrease standard deviation as it tries to evenly control the sample flow and demand variability in the daily process. Routine delivery times for satellite and external labs could also lead to more consistency within the process. The table below represents the average samples processed per hour and per step, based off the minimum, average, and maximum samples processed on exhibit 4. Separation numbers are half of the other process’s sample numbers because only 50% of samples go to separation. Minimum Demand (2,353) (avg. sample/hour) Average Demand (4,989) (avg. sample/hour) Maximum Demand (7,250) (avg. sample/hour) Processing 147 312 453 Separation 74 156 227 Distribution 147 312 453 Testing 147 312 453 Storage 147 312 453Show MoreRelatedLaboratorio De Analisis Argentina1973 Words   |  8 Pagesï » ¿Process Management Case: Laboratorio de Analisis Argentina 1. What are the key success factors for LAA? The key success factors for LAA are as follows: * Management’s belief in achieving and maintaining high-quality service based on fast turnaround times and accurate testing * Management’s recognition that there are flaws in LAA’s current processes and their willingness to fix the problems by doing a thorough analysis of the internal operations * Locally owned and operated

Sunday, December 22, 2019

Education Assistants Role in Education Essay - 1556 Words

Significant reforms have been made to the education system due to the demands of a fast changing and increasingly competitive global economy. The need to provide quality education that maximizes the potential of every child and raise standards of pupil performance has increased the demand for education assistants and broadened the range of responsibilities they perform. In the past, an education assistant’s role involved preparing materials for the classroom, childcare and pastoral care. However in today’s teaching environment, an education assistant is also required to support students with special needs, implement lesson plans, assess pupil progress, manage challenging behaviours and much more. It is important to note that many of these†¦show more content†¦A lack of communication can present as a key challenge that educational assistants encounter in their position. Poorly defined job descriptions can lead to teachers and education assistants having disagree ments over individual responsibilities (Chopra French, 2004; Riggs Mueller, 2001). Successful educational assistants must take the initiative, when in doubt, to communicate and clarify with the supervising teacher and promptly resolve disputes that might occur. Clearly differentiated roles between the education assistants and teachers continue to remain an issue that is difficult to resolve as the role of an education assistant cannot be examined in isolation. It should include the examination of the interrelated and distinct roles of the teacher and special-education teachers as well in best meeting student needs (Giangreco, Suter, Jesse Doyle, 2010). At best, a successful educational assistant has to keep an open mind and remain adaptable to meet the variety of needs and demands while working with different teachers and students (Kay, 2005). Another challenge that education assistants encounter is the inability of teachers to allocate time to address issues that require urgent attention. Teachers and education assistants may only have limited time to discuss pertinent issues. A way to resolve this issue according to Tyrer, et al (2004), is toShow MoreRelatedDescribe the Differing Roles of Teaching Assistants. Compare the Similarities and Differences in Different Teaching Assistant’s Jobs, and Consider the Personal Qualities and Skills Needed by These Professionals.1390 Words   |  6 Pagesa key resource and are used very effectively in many (primary) schools.’ OFSTEDs Review of Primary Education 1994 – 1998 (1999) Teaching Assistants (TAs) have an essential role to play in the smooth and effective running of a school. They are an extra pair of eyes, ears and hands for the teacher and give support to the structure of the school. [pic] (Teaching Assistant’s Pocketbook. Dot Constable. 2005) Teaching Assistants work in Primary, Secondary and Special Needs SchoolsRead MoreThe Importance Of Nursing And Nurse Assistant907 Words   |  4 Pagesnurse aide gets paid $11.64 hourly on average. Nurse’s annual salary on average is $65,470 while a nurse assistant’s is $25,090 on average, which is an enormous difference. Therefore, the nurse assistant would have to work harder to be able to simply get to the nurses hourly pay. As it states in the article â€Å"Why do registered nurses make so much?† by the website Nursetheory.com, â€Å"The education and experience registered nurses receive makes them a valuable and limited commodity that healthcare organizationsRead MoreHealth Education And Health Care863 Words   |  4 PagesHealth education encompasses a team of many different providers in a variety of settings. It has a diverse and ever changing role in health care, communities, and schools (Glanz, 2008, p. 13). The health care team works to provide educa tion for patients and also their families. Physician Assistants play a major role in the prevention and detection of disease. With the encouragement to live a healthy lifestyle and the patient/provider discussions about decision making to improve overall health,Read MoreRole Transition and Professional Nursing1569 Words   |  7 PagesRole Transition and Professional Nursing XXXX XXX University NUR/300 MSN RN February 09, 2010 Role Transition and Professional Nursing As the student nurse transitions from the role of a nursing student to the professional level of nursing, the licensed registered nurse shall perform only those nursing activities for which the RN has been prepared through basic education and those additional skills, which are obtained through subsequent nursing educationRead MorePhysical Therapy Assistant s Help Patients Recuperate From Injury957 Words   |  4 Pages Physical therapy assistant’s help patients recuperate from injury, regain movement, cope with pain and encourage wellness by assisting a physical therapist. They assist in providing therapy for patients through exercise, massage, stretching, gait and stability training, and with the use of therapeutic modalities, such as ultrasound. They also instruct patients’ families on how they may help their loved one at home. Physical therapy assistants monitor patients during therapy and report their statusRead MoreThe African American Healthcare Gap16 54 Words   |  7 Pageswould bring about change and that is the physician. The physician knows first-hand which patients appear to be suffering as it relates to utilizing something that will undoubtedly improve their life. It compels most physician to establish leadership roles depending on their passion to making a difference for their patient’s well-being. Often times physicians find themselves being involved with institutional policy reforms and undergoing vast changes within their healthcare facility. As such, the changesRead MoreBenefits Of Being A Dental Assistant1169 Words   |  5 PagesAs a dental assistant, we require the skills to be able to interact with our dental patients to use patient education to explain procedures and recovery times, diets, daily habits, and so much more. Without an affable smile and tone, patients will not be trusting of us or of dentistry in general. Social skills in a dental office are critical. From our verbal interaction with the pat ients to the speechless cooperation with the dentists and hygienists during procedures, sociability may be the singleRead MoreMedical Administrative Assistant Field1628 Words   |  7 Pagesfunctions. All are within the perimeters of medical assisting job definition with both similar and differentiating roles. All three fields require a background or knowledge of medical practices and procedures, as well as special billing, coding and medical software. Medical billing and coding are often referred to as a single term; however, in terms of employment and specific roles they are quite different. Both are in high demand because of the ever-changing medical world. Hospitals, clinicsRead MoreTda 2.4 Equality, Diversity and Inclusion in Work with Children and Young People1458 Words   |  6 Pageschildren and young people The current legislative framework protecting the equal rights of all children and young people are stated in the United Nation’s Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989). These rights are extensive, including the right to education and the right for children and young people to have their views respected. The Children Act 1989 sets out the duty of local authorities to provide services according to the needs of all children and young people. Every Child Matters (ECM) is aRead MoreUnit 307, Outcome 1: Support Assessment for Learning1411 Words   |  6 PagesSupport assessment for learning Compare and contrast the roles of the teacher and the learning support practitioner in assessment of learners achievements In order to assess pupil’s achievements the teacher will take the main lead in doing so and the learning support practitioner will take guidance from the teacher’s assessments in order to support the pupil’s progress. In order to have a clear vision of the students ability and how they are progressing, the class teacher will monitor and assess

Saturday, December 14, 2019

Aztec Culture Free Essays

Research Paper: Aztec Culture The Aztec culture dates all the way back to the 13th century. Some say that a few Aztec people still survive, although they are not exactly â€Å"pure. † Their culture was derived from South America. We will write a custom essay sample on Aztec Culture or any similar topic only for you Order Now In this research paper the plan is to inform and explain to the teacher that the Aztec were an impressive group of people for their time period because they were so advanced in science, agriculture and were far more civilized than people from other regions had assumed during that time period. What caused the collapse of such a refined empire? Moving on to government and political systems, the Aztec people’s started off with what is called the Calpulli – the basic unit of government. Each group is made up of multiple families and these families own land together. Whoever is made the leader of the Calpulli group is in charge and responsible for all the needs of everyone in the group. They set up what is called telpochalli – school for the common citizens. Leaders of these groups collect taxes as well. Although in cities the Calpulli leader is less family based and more about the region and surroundings (Cotrill). The next section of their government goes on to the nobility and councils. People in the nobility and council held a lot of power in society but they were not automatically put in government positions. Every city had a Calpulli and each Calpulli has a leader. All of the leaders from each group made up a council, these held a lot of the power in their government system. In the early to middle 1400s there were 3 main city-states that held the most power. The 3 city-states together were called the â€Å"Triple Alliance,† which was located in Mexico Valley. Each of these had a name; there was, Tenochtitlan, Texaco, and Tlacopan. Tenochtitlan came to dominate the whole empire itself. For each council an executive council is formed within it. Four members are chosen to lead; one of these chosen members is the tlatcani – leader of the city. Finally we come to the Huey Tlatcani which means â€Å"great speaker. † This person led the city, and was worshipped as a god and also considered the emperor (Cotrill). The emperor was supported by judges, governors, hosts of other officials, and priests. Even though the emperor was given â€Å"absolute power† in some sort of form, sometimes people also had a say. Emperors were chosen in a partially democratic system, meaning they ould be removed from power at any time. Archaeologists and historians are unsure of how any certain Aztec person was chosen to get the position of Huey Tlatcani. It was not hereditary but it did have something to do with family lines. The control of the Aztec empire did not go everywhere in Mexico. Lands that the Aztec people c onquered and claimed as their own did have to pay a price of tribute to them, but still had a certain amount of freedom. The gain of land was accomplished by warriors making attacks on surrounding areas, where they also took sacrificial prisoners. Most of the time, when villages, towns or cities were captured by the Aztec, it was an incentive bringing more trade and better goods to be traded along with infrastructure. So where in history did the Aztec contribute to us? Well to start, they didn’t have twenty different ones, they had about 5. The first one of these is onions and horses and this is not technically an invention or contribution but it was introduced to them by the Spaniards. Education was not seen as a â€Å"must† or a â€Å"need† by most countries during their time, yet the Aztec people made it mandatory. Unlike in countries today there are rules and regulations to education. In some countries you can’t go to school if you are a girl, yet in others it doesn’t matter what sex you are. Black, white, poor, rich, middle class, low class, it didn’t matter to the Aztec. School was for everyone (Cotrill). Another thing introduced was popcorn, yes, popcorn. It was first used by the Aztec people for head dresses and for honoring the God of Maize and Fertility; this god is also named Tlaloc. This item was not eaten until years later and was mainly popular for Aztec use only. Foods are important in understanding cultures a second from the Aztec was chocolate. Where would you be today without it? This item was exceedingly valued by them and was used as a currency. They also demanded cacao beans which played a part in the tributes they made to their gods. A drink was made from the chocolate that the Aztec called â€Å"xocoatl† – meaning bitter water, this word was actually invented by the Aztec people themselves (Cotrill). The Aztec culture brought about chewing gum and instead of calling it gum or something of the sort they called it â€Å"chicle† which is what some Mexican vendors still all it today. Although, when the Spaniards showed up they destroyed their trading routes and the gum or â€Å"chicle† disappeared with it. The item didn’t show back up for another 350 years. Aztec people were actually good with medicine and knew some things about it. For the time period they were living in they were considered to be advan ced. One of the main things they had used for medicine was called â€Å"antispasmodic medicine† this helped to prevent muscle spasms. It could be useful during surgeries and was made from what is still growing today and that is a passion flower. The passion flower is still used as an herbal remedy which is believed to help insomnia, high blood pressure, and epilepsy. The Aztec culture was not a poor one. The Aztec were simple in clothing, but not in economy. They were very rich as a country and would have been considered a first world country. Though their culture seemed simple since they wore little and lived simple lives they were very smart, Aztec people knew of value, and of money. Cocoa beans were the main form of money, which was used the most. A single rabbit would cost 30 cocoa beans. Something common in their trading system was to trade a child, most likely a daughter, for 600 cocoa beans. This should not come as a surprise since they also made human sacrifices to honor their gods. There was another type of money used, though not as often. It was treasured by the Aztec people and was highly valued. This form of money was called â€Å"quachtli†. Quachtli is a type of cloth used to make clothes. Legends say that during the time of the Aztec 10 pieces of this cloth was enough to support an Aztec for 6 months in the big city of Tenochtitlan (Cotrill). Trade was a major source of the Aztec’s income. The biggest trading market was located in Tlatelco. The Tlatelco had a large variety of goods which made it the most accommodating for people, over 60,000 came per day to visit. Whatever you wanted or needed was found here, cloth, corn, seeds, spices, pottery, etc. Not all villagers grew crops which led to other Aztec people being able to specialize in other trades. Some of the trades included were feather workers, stone workers, lapidary, and metallurgy workers. The economy of this culture came to a slow halt as soon as the Spaniards arrived. They destroyed trading routes, cities, took control, and made rules. Fighting with the Spaniards caused the Aztec people no time to grow crops and this was the start of the downturn for their economy. A somewhat discussed subject that we’re moving forward on is the social system of the Aztec people. They did not have very complex social system, just two main groups. The first group is the higher ranked of the two. Nobles, which were called pipiltin and pilli for singular usage made up the higher status people of the Aztec culture. The people in this group received a more extent education than other people in the culture. Also, these people were allowed to decorate their houses to their choosing and wear superior clothes compared to that of the average people of the town, village, or community they were living in. Nobles mostly held places in the office of government, but not all, some were craftsmen of different sorts, and a few were even the palace servants. Even if they were given a lower ranked area of work it was possible to move up to a new or more suited position just by doing a good job at what was presently assigned. Second to the Nobles were the Commoners or what were called by the Aztec; macehualli, which these were the people who worked the land of the area. Not all people worked the land, albeit some were stuck working land forever you could also move up a bit in this class with some hard work. The poor of this class could sell themselves and become a slave, eventually working off their debt. Slaves were not treated badly at all, they even had laws that firmly protected them. Commoners also included craftsmen and merchants. The merchants were given more opportunity and could travel, sell, trade, and were given more respect than most in this class. Soldiers can be included in both classes because even if they started out at a low rank they could work their way up to being a noble, and become a pilli. The classification of the Aztec culture is fairly simple. They were rich. Aztec people possessed many, many, manyimportant goods that you could not easily get around the world. Being a first world country was not exactly and easy task. Unbeknownst to them though, was that they had predators lurking in the shadows (Spaniards) that wanted their gold, cocoa beans, and much more. Their society and area was highly valued. Plus, the land they lived on was not known by many people and had not been explored. Aztec people were civilized, eminent, smart, cunning, and ethical, but their empire did fall. Not all things last forever as history shows us. Spaniards eventually came in search of new land and treasures such as gold, upon which they found the Aztec people. Invaded on November of 1519 the Aztec people welcomed the Spaniards. Cortes was a Spanish conquistador looking to conquer them. At first, the outcome looked to be in the favor of the Aztec people, but because their religion called for sacrificing hundreds to thousands of people they lost many of their own that could have been used in battle. The Spaniards brought the smallpox disease with them, which was not purposely but did favor Cortes’ side when the time came for battle. Twenty-five percent of the Aztec people died from smallpox. By 1520 the Aztec people were low on food, and still dying of the smallpox disease, eventually it claimed their emperor’s life. In 1521 Cortes finally conquered them and they surrendered. In conclusion, even though the pure Aztec race was ruined by a change in their culture from the Spaniards’ invasion there are descendants left, but with little Aztec blood in them. The legends told, pottery, huts, temples, and much more still remain in Mexico. Life in their society was very well planned and put together, yet when the Spaniards arrived that all changed. Disease, death, famine, and much more caused them to lose hold of their culture. They went from being the richest in their country to being slaves and commoners to the Spaniard conquistadores. A lot of their culture was destroyed with the invasion so most researchers have little to go on. The possibilities of how different their society would have been if the Spaniards were defeated, or had never come into contact with the Aztec people are infinite. References â€Å"Aztec Economy. † edublogs. edublog, 9 Mar. 2011. google. Web. 10 Oct. 2011. . (Aztec Economy edublog) â€Å"Aztec: Economic and Trade System. † PLU. Pacific Lutheran University, n. d. google. Web. 10 Oct. 2011. . (Pacific Lutheran University) Baquedano, Elizabeth. Aztec, Inca, and Maya. : Eyewitness Books, 1993. Baquedano) Cottrill, Jaime. Aztec-History. Ed. Jaime Cottrill. , 2006. Google. Web. 10 Oct. 2011. . (Cotrill) Outline I. Intro a. Aztec Culture b. In this research paper the plan is to inform and explain to the teacher that the Aztec were an impressive group of people for their time period because they were so advanced in science, agriculture and were far more civilized than people from ot her regions had assumed during that time period. II. Political System III. Major Contributions to Human History IV. Economy V. Social System VI. Classification VII. Reasons for Success/Destruction VIII. Conclusion How to cite Aztec Culture, Essay examples

Friday, December 6, 2019

Security Concerns Identified in the IOT-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Various Security Concerns Identified in the IOT. Answer: Introduction: The IoT or Internet of Things is the inter-networking of various items like buildings, vehicles, physical devices. These are embedded with network connectivity, actuators, sensors, software or electronics that enable the objects to gather and exchange information (Xu, Wendt and Potkonjak 2014). From the perspective of security the IoT has not been flawless. Various security concerns identified in the IoT are analyzed in this essay. The essay describes the reason for security issues in IoT. The various kinds of security problems are identified. Then they are described and compared. Lastly a sophisticated technique is proposed to resolve the issues. Body: The IoT security has been the sector of endeavor concerning with the safeguarding of the connected networks and devices in IoT. Every computer is hackable. This contains much to do with the market of computers as it has been doing with technologies. Everyone prefers their software to be inexpensive and full of features. This has been at the expense of reliability and security (Li and Da Xu 2017). For instance, a computer affecting the security of Facebook is notably a market failure. The industries have been filled with many market failures that have gone unnoticed till the present days. As the computers have been permeating the homes, business, cars and so on the market failures has not been tolerable no longer. The only resolution has been the regulation foisted on the people by the government desperate in doing something at the face of the disaster. The fundamental problem regarding IoT has been rising due to the concept of networking appliances and various other objects are new relatively. The security is not always included in designing products. The IoT products have been commonly sold with the unpatched and old embedded operating software and systems (Barreto et al. 2016). Moreover, the purchasers have been often failing to alter the default passwords on the smart devices. However, as they change them, they fail to select the strong passwords sufficiently. One of the common security issues for IoT security arising in the current age is regarding the hardware problems. From the very starting of the hardware of the IoT is a problem. With every sudden interest and hype in the chipmakers of IoT devices like Intel and ARM have been reinforcing their processors for further protection with every latest generation. However the realistic scene has not seemed to ever destroy the security gap. The problems have been that the modern arc hitecture of chips has been made particularly for IoT devices (Ren et al. 2014). Thus the prices have been going up and making them costly. Moreover, the complicated design has been requiring more power battery that has been an obvious challenge for the IoT applications. The IoT devices that are wearable and affordable have not been using that kind of chips. This indicates that there has been the necessity for better approach. Some of the existing approaches to resolve the security problems are explained hereby. The most effective way to minimizing the challenges of hardware security regarding IoT has been to possess he stringent framework for testing in place. For the secured testing of hardware one of the top picks are the device range. The coverage network of IoT device has been paramount. The organizations need to be much specific about the range metrics of the device or application (Mahmoud et al. 2015). For example of the Zigbee technology is used for empowering the network of the device, the repeaters are needed to be calculated. These repeaters are needed under the establishment for providing the communication range for the device. However any number of repeaters cannot be put blindly as with the rising number of repeaters the systems capacity reduces (Guo et al. 2016). Thus the testing of device range would enable to seek the sweet spot whether the range can be maximized without reaching breaking point. The next resolution is the capacity and latency. The capacity refers to the bytes per second handling speed of the network. The latency on the other hand points to the entire tike duration taken to transfer data between the endpoints of the applications. The developers have been always looking for the ways for increasing the latency and capacity of their applications of IoT for improving the performance (Hossain et al. 2016). The problem has been both the factors have been inversely proportionate and enhancing one degrades the. For this the data intensive applications and devices are to be tested thoroughly for capacity and latency balance. The next one is the manufacturability next. It has been seldom that the IoT device is built from the scratch of the individuals. Maximum time the module and components are been used that manufactured by the application. To test the modules for proper functioning has been very crucial. The manufacturers have been always doing the testing of assembl y line on their end. However that should also be verified (Gou et al. 2013). Moreover as all the modules are pit together on the board testing has been needed for making sure that there have been no errors that are introduced due to wiring and soldering. The manufacturability testing has been required for making sure that the application has been working as it has been expected to. Figure 1: The IoT security threat map (Source: Beechamresearch.com, 2017) Regarding effectiveness the IoT has been presenting huge opportunities of business for every market virtually. To resolve the problems regarding security the physical objects could be connected with the back end systems related to each other using the internet protocols. The door has to be opened for smart analytics. They must be energy efficiency, cost savings, predictive maintenance and the capability of offering more customized solutions and products effectively. As per as the cost is considered, the example of clothing manufacturing getting connected to the ordering system of customer could be considered. Rather producing loads and loads of items in set colors and sizes, the manufacturer could produce cloths on the basis of the particular details of the customer orders. This has been helping to cut the costs as they have not been producing clothes that no one have been asking for or the dead inventory (Lesjak, Hein and Winter 2015). As the customization rises the values to the cl ients and could effectively let the manufacturer increase the price points and differentiate from the competitors. The scopes could be applied to limitless other markets. The improved technique or method for defending the security issue of IoT is to implement Microsoft Azure. The Azure IoT has been supporting the latest security hardware for strengthening the IoT security. Azure IoT have been supporting DICE or Device Identity Composition Engine and various other types of HSMs or Hardware Security Modules. The DICE has been a standard at TCG or Trusted Computing Group for device attestation and identification that enable the manufactures for using silicon gates for creating device identification on the basis of making security hardware, hardware of DNA of latest devices from ground ups (Phls et al. 2014). The HSMs have been the core security technology used for identities of securing devices and delivering the advanced functionality like the device attestation based on hardware and the zero touch provisions. Moreover the Azure IoT team has been working with the standards major industry partners and organizations for employing the new in best practices in security for deploying support for a huge range of varieties of HSMs. The HSM has been offering resilient and resistant hardware basis of trust in the IoT devices. The Azure IoT transparency of platform has been integrating HSM support with the platform services such as the Azure IoT Hub Device Management and Azure IoT Hub Device Provisioning. Thus it enables the developers and customers in focusing more over recognizing particular risks regarding with the application and lesser on the tactics of security deployment. The IoT device deployment could be autonomous, remote and pen to the treats such as displacement, tampering and spoofing. In such cases the HSMs have been offering a important defense-layer for raising trust in privacy, confidentiality, integrity, authentication and many more (Halak, Zwolinski and Mispan 2016). The Azure IoT group has been grouping directly with the primary HSM manufacturers to enable easy access to a broad variety of the HSMs for accommodating risks regarding deployment specific for the developers and customers. Figure 2: Azure IoT suite (Source: Azure.microsoft.com, 2017) The effectiveness of the software lies in the fact that the Azure IoT team has been leveraging the open standards for developing the best practices for robust and secure deployments. One of those kinds of standards has been the DICE or Device Identity Composition Engine from the TCG or Trusted Computing Group that has been offering the scalable framework of security requiring minimum footprint of HSM for anchoring trust from which for building numerous security solutions such as secure, authentication and the remote attestation. The DICE has been the response to the latest reality of the constraint computing that has been consistently characterizing the IoT devices (Dofe, Frey and Yu 2016). The minimalist approach has been the alternate path towards more traditional framework standards such as the TCG or Trusted Computing Group. This has been offering a framework for scalable security that needed the minimum HSM footprint for anchoring tryst to create numerous solutions of security like remote attestation, secure boost and authentication. The DICE has been the response against the latest reality of the constraint computing continually characterizing the IoT devices. The minimalist kind of approach of it has been the alternate path for more traditional standards of security framework such as the TPM and TCG that has also supported on Azure platform IoT (Syed and Lourde 2016). The security journey has been the one, upon which the IoT team has been committed consistently helping the developers and customers to navigate in achieving the greatest confidence and trust to secure their deployments in IoT. This has involved the supporting of a broad range of security and security standards based on hardware for securing the hardware root to trust for the IoT devices. Conclusion: The security solution to use Azure IoT discussed above must be implemented strictly for assuring the proper functioning of IoT hardware with safety. The technologies of IoT have been still immature for a wide extent and little paranoid about their protection are indeed useful. Before starting with the development of any application, it is mandatory to research and aware as much as possible. There should always be the tradeoffs present and the developer should always be bewaring of the threats. The security beaches are bound to occur almost and the organizations must always be ready with the exit plan. This would help to secure maximum information during any attack. References: Azure.microsoft.com. (2017).Azure IoT Suite | Microsoft Azure. [online] Available at: https://azure.microsoft.com/en-in/suites/iot-suite/ [Accessed 5 Aug. 2017]. Barreto, L., Celesti, A., Villari, M., Fazio, M. and Puliafito, A., 2016. Security and IoT Cloud Federation: Design of Authentication Schemes. InInternet of Things. IoT Infrastructures: Second International Summit, IoT 360 2015, Rome, Italy, October 27-29, 2015. Revised Selected Papers, Part I(pp. 337-346). Springer International Publishing. Beechamresearch.com. (2017).IoT Security Threat Map :: Beecham Research. [online] Available at: https://www.beechamresearch.com/download.aspx?id=43 [Accessed 5 Aug. 2017]. Dofe, J., Frey, J. and Yu, Q., 2016, May. Hardware security assurance in emerging IoT applications. InCircuits and Systems (ISCAS), 2016 IEEE International Symposium on(pp. 2050-2053). IEEE. Gou, Q., Yan, L., Liu, Y. and Li, Y., 2013, August. Construction and strategies in IoT security system. InGreen Computing and Communications (GreenCom), 2013 IEEE and Internet of Things (iThings/CPSCom), IEEE International Conference on and IEEE Cyber, Physical and Social Computing(pp. 1129-1132). IEEE. Guo, Z., Karimian, N., Tehranipoor, M.M. and Forte, D., 2016, May. Hardware security meets biometrics for the age of iot. InCircuits and Systems (ISCAS), 2016 IEEE International Symposium on(pp. 1318-1321). IEEE. Halak, B. and Zwolinski, M., 2016. Hardware-based security solutions for the Internet of Things using physical unclonable functions. Halak, B., Zwolinski, M. and Mispan, M.S., 2016, October. Overview of PUF-based hardware security solutions for the internet of things. InCircuits and Systems (MWSCAS), 2016 IEEE 59th International Midwest Symposium on(pp. 1-4). IEEE. Hossain, M.S., Muhammad, G., Rahman, S.M.M., Abdul, W., Alelaiwi, A. and Alamri, A., 2016. Toward end-to-end biomet rics-based security for IoT infrastructure.IEEE Wireless Communications,23(5), pp.44-51. Lesjak, C., Hein, D. and Winter, J., 2015, November. Hardware-security technologies for industrial IoT: TrustZone and security controller. InIndustrial Electronics Society, IECON 2015-41st Annual Conference of the IEEE(pp. 002589-002595). IEEE. Li, S. and Da Xu, L., 2017.Securing the Internet of Things. Syngress. Mahmoud, R., Yousuf, T., Aloul, F. and Zualkernan, I., 2015, December. Internet of things (iot) security: Current status, challenges and prospective measures. InInternet Technology and Secured Transactions (ICITST), 2015 10th International Conference for(pp. 336-341). IEEE. Phls, H.C., Angelakis, V., Suppan, S., Fischer, K., Oikonomou, G., Tragos, E.Z., Rodriguez, R.D. and Mouroutis, T., 2014, April. RERUM: Building a reliable IoT upon privacy-and security-enabled smart objects. InWireless Communications and Networking Conference Workshops (WCNCW), 2014 IEEE(pp. 122-127). IEEE. Ren, K., Samarati, P., Gruteser, M., Ning, P. and Liu, Y., 2014. Guest Editorial Special Issue on Security for IoT: The State of the Art.IEEE Internet of Things Journal,1(5), pp.369-371. Syed, A. and Lourde, R.M., 2016, December. Hardware Security Threats to DSP Applications in an IoT Network. InNanoelectronic and Information Systems (iNIS), 2016 IEEE International Symposium on(pp. 62-66). IEEE. Xu, T., Wendt, J.B. and Potkonjak, M., 2014, November. Security of IoT systems: Design challenges and opportunities. InProceedings of the 2014 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Computer-Aided Design(pp. 417-423). IEEE Press.

Thursday, November 28, 2019

Romeo And Juliet Essays (933 words) - Characters In Romeo And Juliet

Romeo And Juliet Laurence are kind but powerless characters who inadvertently contribute to the tragic ends of Romeo and Juliet. The Nurse is ignorant and unthinking as she enjoys and sets up the secret marriage, but she does not think about the consequences or take responsibility for them. The Nurse helps Juliet to marry Romeo when the Nurse knows it is forbidden. The Friar is wise and insightful when he marries Romeo and Juliet, but he simply does not have the power or the foresight to stop the tragic events that come after the marriage. Friar Laurence agrees to marry Romeo and Juliet, even though it is risky. These two characters share good intentions and love for Romeo and Juliet, and share the responsibility for their deaths. The Nurse helps Juliet to marry Romeo because she is just thinking about Juliet's feelings without thinking about the problems this marriage could cause. In Act I, Scene. v., lines 137-138, she tells Juliet who Romeo is. It causes Juliet to get very upset: "My only love, sprung from my only hate." (I.V.139), but the Nurse doesn't think about this. She doesn't see the trouble that has started. After the nurse realizes that Juliet and Romeo love each other, she doesn't stop it; instead, she agrees to carry the message to Romeo, although she knows Romeo is a Montague. After the Nurse has a secret meeting with Romeo, she teases Juliet and praises Romeo as a handsome and nice young man. She does not explain to Juliet the problems of loving Romeo. She helps and encourages Juliet to get to Friar Laurence's cell to get married. The Nurse doesn't consider the dangerous result of this action. She only thinks of the moment. After the marriage, the Nurse quickly abandons Juliet. The Nurse refuses to help Juliet any more after Romeo kills Tybalt. Even though the Nurse supported the marriage before, she does little to stop the forced marriage of Juliet to Paris. She does not understand Juliet's emotional love for Romeo because the Nurse only thinks love is physical. She suggests to Juliet that Paris is as good as Romeo, and Juliet might as well take Paris because no one will know: "I think you are as happy in this second match,/ For it excels your first: or if it did not,/ Your first is dead; or ?twere as good he were" (III. v.) The Nurse ignores the feelings that Juliet has, and she doesn't think about Juliet's religious fear about marrying two men at the same time: "My husband is on earth, my faith in heaven;/ How shall that faith return again to earth,/ Unless that husband send it me from heaven/ By leaving earth?" (III. v.) . The Nurse thinks Romeo is as good as dead, and no good to Juliet. Her ignorance makes the Nurse unwise in letting Juliet sleep alone at the wedding eve, even though Juliet is upset and doesn't want to marry Paris. The Nurse loves Juliet like her own daughter, but when she helps Juliet, she contributes to the tragic outcome. Friar Laurence is an intelligent and loving man who wants to end the fighting and help the two young lovers be together. Friar Laurence knows the danger of physical love when he tells Romeo, "... young men's love, then, lies/ not truly in their hearts, but in their eyes" (II. iii.) After careful thinking, Friar Laurence agrees to conduct the marriage of Romeo and Juliet, although he knows it is dangerous. He chooses to marry Romeo and Juliet because he hopes this marriage could stop the war between the families: "In one respect I'll thy assistant be;/ For this alliance may so happy prove,/ To turn your households' rancour to pure love" (II. iii.). He marries them in secret and doesn't tell Montague or Capulet about the marriage immediately. Friar Laurence does everything he can to make the right decision about the marriage, and does not give up when things go wrong. Friar Laurence believes in what he is doing, and does not abandon Romeo and Juliet when the trouble starts, but his plans accidentally lead to their deaths. When Romeo kills Tybalt and is banished, he gets very upset and feels that he cannot live without Juliet. Friar Laurence is smart; he convinces Romeo that he is lucky to be only banished and not put to death for killing Tybalt: "Thy fault our law calls death; but the kind prince,/ Taking thy part, hath brush'd aside the law/ ... This is

Monday, November 25, 2019

Excited State Definition in Chemistry

Excited State Definition in Chemistry The excited state describes an atom, ion or molecule with an electron in a higher than normal energy level than its ground state. The length of time a particle spends in the excited state before falling to a lower energy state varies. Short duration excitation usually results in release of a quantum of energy, in the form of a photon or phonon. The return to a lower energy state is called decay. Fluorescence is a fast decay process, while phosphorescence occurs over a much longer time frame. Decay is the inverse process of excitation. An excited state that lasts a long time is called a metastable state. Examples of metastable states are single oxygen and nuclear isomers. Sometimes the transition to an excited state enables an atom to participate in a chemical reaction. This is the basis for the field of photochemistry. Non-Electron Excited States Although excited states in chemistry and physics almost always refer to the behavior of electrons, other types of particles also experience energy level transitions. For example, the particles in the atomic nucleus may be excited from the ground state, forming nuclear isomers.

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Systems and operations Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Systems and operations Management - Essay Example While a substantial part of the reporting and operational requirements of Atokowa is currently being addressed by the system, the strain of expansion would only exacerbate the situation. If the expansion initiative of Custom Print and the Online Ordering strategy is suspended the growth of Atokowa will be stunted and its spiral decline will commence because the current difficulties in the system will only feed on itself. The initiatives of George Hargreaves and Hayley Atokowa will diversify the revenue stream of Atokowa and at the same time expand the market while widening the client demography of Atokowa. However, implementing it at this time will only triple if not double the operational problems of Atokowa implementing it after the completion of an Enterprise Resource Planning Solution roll-out would be ideal if not the best. ... tokowa brands and Customer Survey 17 References/Bibliography 17 Introduction Atokawa Advantage was founded in 1964 by the father of Jonathan Atokowa from whom he took over the reign of the company. Under the leadership of Jonathan, Atokowa has expanded to several stores all around Australia catering mostly to individual and business customers in and around the locality where Atokowa stores is at. This paper would present the analysis of the operation of Atokowa to determine challenge areas, improvement areas and growth areas. The purpose of the analysis is to recommend solutions that will enable Atokowa to resolve its current issues if there are any and respond to the demands of the ever changing market landscape in the stationary and office supply retail industry. This report shall first present the result of the analysis conducted on the operation of Atokowa that will define in detail the analysis of focus areas. After the analysis of the focus areas an assessment of the focus area shall be concluded for purposes of recommending possible solutions to the challenges posed in the focus area. Due to constraints this paper shall only present the observations in the analysis and not the process in which the analysis was conducted and the observation was arrived at. In summary the analysis in the operation of the focus areas shall be provided in seriatim as it was presented in the report. The conclusion or assessment shall follow afterwards then the recommendations that should be undertaken by the management of Atokowa to resolve its current challenges. Please note that this paper shall only focus on the technological solutions to resolve the operational and management challenges of Atokowa. Analysis of Current Systems and Operations The following focus areas were

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Consumer Coffee Consumption Preference in the Netherlands Research Proposal

Consumer Coffee Consumption Preference in the Netherlands - Research Proposal Example On average, the Dutch consume 3.2 cups of coffee per person everyday according to 2006 statistics making them the second largest coffee consumers after Scandinavians, and although the average is 13 percent lower compared to a decade earlier in 1996, the approximate coffee consumption is significantly high compared to other countries (de Bontridder). Coffee is substantially popular beverage in Netherlands, making a study into factors influencing the popularity, consumption, and preferences important especially for marketing groups wishing to segment the market. Compared to other countries, the Netherlands coffee consumption average is second to Scandinavian countries drinking approximately 4.3 cups of coffee per day between 2002 and 2006, with Finland topping the coffee consumption list at 5.4 cups a day (de Bontridder). In the same period, 2002-2006, eastern and southern Europe registered the least coffee consumption, with southern Europeans drinking approximately 1.9 cups per day a factor associated to higher tea consumption and preference. Various reasons exist, influencing people towards coffee consumption in the western countries, with the two primary factors according to Gelder, Buijsse, Tijhuis, et al being the psychoactive stimulation affect of caffeine content in the coffee and improvement of cognitive performance (Gelder et al 226). Most people in the western countries begin their day with a fresh cup of coffee, essentially to be fully awake for the rest of the day, and be able to maintain coherence in thought because coffee stimulates their brains. Notably, the association of coffee and better cognitive functioning is attributed to the caffeine factor, which enters the blood stream and acts as a stimulant causing alertness in body and mind. In a study conducted over a ten-year period assessing whether coffee consumption influences the cognitive decline in elderly men, the researchers identified variables that influence coffee consumption, which included education, height and weight, gender, physical activities, age, and lifestyle with participants from Finland, Italy, and the Netherlands. Considering age as the relevant variable in this discussion, the findings showed that age was inversely associated with the amount of coffee consumed (Gelder et al 228). The highest consumption was more than 4 cups per day, associated with people aged 74.8 years with a deviation of 0.4, which was the youngest group among the elderly participants, while the least consumers were aged 77 years (Gelder et al 230). In the same study, the Dutch came up as the highest consumers, whereby out of the 336 Dutch participants, 202 drank more than three cups per day compared to 77 of the Fin participants. Another study that shows agreement with the study by Gelder and colleagues is by Luciano, Kirk, and Heath et al, investigating the genetic and environmental influences on tea consumption and finding a common relation with those of coffee consumption. The study participants were 1796 Australian identical twins and 2013 non-identical twins aged 16 to 87 years. The study tested the number of cups of coffee and tea the participants took in a day, and the results showed a negative association of age with coffee preferences but a

Monday, November 18, 2019

Criminology- compare 2 key thinkers, cesare beccaria and cesare Essay

Criminology- compare 2 key thinkers, cesare beccaria and cesare lombroso, and their competing ideologies - Essay Example During the eighteenth and early nineteenth century, the notion of studying crime as well as criminals was linked to that of making governance more efficient. Intellectuals from Europe considered the unpredictability and brutalities of authoritarian rule as threats to the social order. Cesare Beccaria who was among the Italian illuministi further developed these views. He vehemently and concisely developed the argument that the punishment of lawbreakers should be done publicly, is compulsory and should be the minimum possible depending on the circumstances and the proportion of the crime that has been committed. At around 1830, efforts to explain government societal regulation using the law supported research on what was considered the dangerous classes. This lead to Cesare Lombroso’s quest for the people who had been born criminals as well as the representing of associations between crime and a variety of pointers of ethical moral deficiency. This paper seeks to compare the conflicting and opposing philosophies that are associated with the two main theorists in criminology namely Cesare Beccaria and Cesare Lombroso. Cesare Beccaria was born in 1738 and puts emphasis on deterrence as the best way of preventing crime (Outram, 2006). He fits into the classical school of thought and wrote his work during an era when torture was utilized in obtaining information from people and capital punishment was used for any kind of offence. Punishment depended on retributive means in that the harm that was given to the offender was equal to the harm that had been caused by the perpetrator. In contrast, Cesare Lombroso considered the bodily and psychological attributes of the appearances of the person committing the crime. Lombroso was a doctor who was born in 1835 and he developed the opinion that some criminals were biologically determined, placing him in the positivist school of thought (Hayward, Maruna & Mooney, 2010). He research un derscored the

Friday, November 15, 2019

Should Jobs Be Reserved For Women?

Should Jobs Be Reserved For Women? Most of the high level jobs are done by man, should government encourage a certain percentage of these jobs to be reserved for women ? Most of the high level jobs are done by men, I am not totally agree with this idea, because many high level jobs are done by women. There   is no discrimination between man and woman before   the eye of law. I deeply believe high level jobs are done by qualified person. So government should not encourage a certain percentage of high level jobs to be reserved for women. As a human being all are equal so those who have qualification to do high level jobs, they must will do. If government encourage or enact a law or reserve certain percentage that will be unfair and injustice and discrimination for man. High level jobs should be given on the basis of merit and qualification not consider as a man and woman.we do not agree, to make any reservation on the basis of race, age, sex and minority ,but high level job must be done   by only  Ã‚   qualified person. Man and Woman are equal so there should not have any special attention for women. This concept seriously violates human rights. There should not have any discrimination between man and woman. The discrimination never bring peace and stability in a state, so government must not make any special rules for women. As a democratic state, every state has rule of law and human rights, so high level jobs are only done by man, this is not fair and justice. If women have merit and qualification, they must hold high level jobs. To my mind, there is no restriction in law of a state for woman high level jobs. Human right is most important to live in the world with dignity and honour as a best creation of God. So knowledge and knowledge must be standard for high level jobs not on the basis of sex. So only justice and fair can bring the peace and security in a state, man and woman should not be competitor but dependable. Being a best creation of God, we must have sense of responsibility and duty to one another to make a better and peaceful world for the future generation. As a man   I deeply believe and trust, there should not have any unfair between man and woman. only the basis of merit must get high level post not consider anything else. To hold a sensitive post, need only knowledge and management capacity but disqualification must always discourage and deprive from high level post for betterment of nation and showing honour and justice for qualified and knowledgeable persons. Proper management is the most important to hold a high level job, so   one who will be seated in this post must be qualified and knowledgeable. If any person is woman but she is not qualified for the post but given the high level post she absolutely will be fail to hold the post. Motivation is very important requirement to hold a high prestigious job, one who has no this capacity she/he   cannot hold a high level post. So I hope and believe government should not to make any special attention to women for high level post because if they are qualified, no need to make any rule or law in parliament. Leadership is the best qualification to hold the high level jobs. To be a best leader, so easily can deal any critical situation. Those who will hold better post, musth have leadership skilled to perform   properly his/her responsibilities and   duties.This is the age of globalization,so one who want to be leader one,s has to have leadership skilled otherwisewill be   seriously fail to make any decision. Challenging career, there are many job very challenging so women are not able to perform their responsibilities but if any woman get like that post as a leader she will totally fail to lead the team or group. For example a woman is not fit for post of chief of Army, Navy,and Air force,because they are not able to perform their duty properly with care and strictly.So body fitness is very   important to hold like that high level job.So if government impose like that post, it will be harmful for a nation. Professional services are opened for all men and women,because there is no any condition or restriction for women.women can be professor,lawyer,pilot officer,doctor if they have qualification.So for this reason,no need to care more women for high level job.There are many women in the world who are justice,lawyer, minister,parliamentarian .They perform their responsibilities and duties with dignity and skilled.This is because, they are hardworkers and qualified for this   posts Corruption is the great disease for state , it is worse than cancer . so make a proper well fear state . it is responsibilities for man and women to remove this  Ã‚   corruption   from the grass root level of state , corruption free state and protect and guarantee human rights such kind of well fare state no conflict man between women incase of high level jobs. Misuse is the worst weak point to protect human rights and establish rule of law it is absolutely possible misuse of power in government wish to protect the human rights .disqualified person never get high level jobs .this is possible on the basis of rule of law but we have to keep in mind knowledge and qualification only should be standard for higher level job but not consider sex. Political instability never bring any peace and security, safety and dignity for a nation .for the cause of corruption and missuse of power always coming political instability in a state. For these reason many qualified man and women totally deprive from the higher level jobs.such kind of political environment never consider knowledge and qualification and care fare and justice . There are many states where women hold high level post such as Bangladesh is a highest ranking   for the leadership of women   because there is a prime minister and opposition leader, home minister,foreign minister and agriculture minister all are women. they are not   elected as a women but for theire leadership qualification.so there is no way to say government should have extra care for women .if they become knowledgeable, they will reach their goals. In Pakistan also had an ex-prime minister banzir butto who was a woman and she was elected for her political wisdom but her nation did not make her prime minister just consider as woman .there are many women perform their responsibilities and duties with due care and dignity . there is a president   in india is woman .there were former prime ministers Indira Gandi and Sonia gandi also were women. In usa ,hilari Clinton is secretary   of state of America so it is only possible for her qualification. In UK and Austrilia are handled supreme post by women,we do not like to make different between man and woman.As a human being all are equal,in case of dignity and rights and duties. Criticism of women ;most of the women across the world , to remind themselves busy in the kitchen .their mind do not want to work high abious job.They think , women responsibilities to produce baby and to take care and managing housing work.They do not know what are   their rights and duties.So   for this reason,they are tortured, oppressed,nepressd by men.Their voices are not strong for their rights.They do not know how to establish their civil and political rights.Even now women are not prepared to take leadership of high level jobs.They think leadership and management are only for men. Reservation of negative effect,If government reserve certain percentage for high level jobs,it will make a serious negative effect in a state.Now a days all of the countries have   recognised equal status of men and women.The certain percentage reservation will break the check and balance of a state.Day by day men will be unemployment which is not green signal for democratic states.So we do not agree on the statement of reservation of high level jobs for women.If government want to reserve must be for backward section people.There will be no any discrimination between men and women. It is high for women to raise their voices against injustice and unfair.Government can take effective step to make educated women.Women   have to be conscious for their fundamental rights.If government make them properly educated then they will get high level jobs.No need make any reservation for women,from every part of the world, women should be conscious about their rights and duties, They must   make pressure their own government to provide complete women rights. When they will be able to understand what are their rights and duties and will be qualified then they   will get high level jobs. In brief ,I would like to say dignity and honour should not be   given on the basis of sex.for the causes of sincerity ,honesty,sense of responsibility, punctuality and duty.So any man or woman   will hold high level job if he or she has qualification. No need to make speacil law for woman for high level jobs.Only knowledge and knowledge should be most priority and standard to hold high level job.

Wednesday, November 13, 2019

View Advertising Tracking Devices with Caution Essay -- Business Priva

In today’s society, one can see that tracking a person has become much easier with the technology advances that have been developed. When most people think of tracking devices they primarily think of negative issues, but that has all changed now. A tracking device the size of a tic tack that can be surgically implanted to provide a tamper proof means of identification, enhanced e-business security, locating lost or missing individuals, monitoring heart rate, vital signs, tracking of the elderly, the location of valuable property, and monitoring the medical conditions of at risk patients. With advertisement companies, tracking device software is used to allow the customers information on the status of package, delivery address, and the person that signed for the package. However, advertisers could use that private information to their advantage and try to sell that person more frivolous objects or pass that information to another advertisement company. Tracking devices can be m arketed toward other companies that advertise luxury cars or other industrial goods, but when those companies buy that product, they will be put in a purchasing list and the company that sold that product will keep track of that particular company and try to sell more goods. Cookies are used by internet shopping sites to keep track of what is being purchased by that person who is on that site, but used as a device for tracking browsing and buying habits of individual web users. Through the analytical view of cause and effect of internet cookies and tracking devices, one can understand the good qualities, but dangerous misuses of having a tracking chip in the advertising world. Despite the flaws of a tracking device, there are many reasons why advertisers are ... ...the controversies are. Basically, the issue involving tracking devices may lead to a person using one for security or interrogative purposes or use one for their own perverted or invasive pleasure. In conclusion, one should not take tracking devices lightly. Works Cited Lewen, Todd. â€Å"Chips: High Tech Aids or Tracking Tools?† www.usatoday.com. September 3, 2008 Newlyn, Korbin. â€Å"GPS Tracking Devices- Teens vs. Parents, Law Enforcement vs. Invasion of Privacy.† www.buzzle.com. September 15, 2008 â€Å"New Campaigns.† B to B 86. Expanded Academic ASAP. Gale. Orange Coast College Library. October 1, 2008 Bowes, Elena. â€Å"Rita: A Highly Competent Secretary, Helps Deliver Fiscal Health to UPS.† Advertising Age International (December 1999). Expanded Academic ASAP. Gale. Orange Coast College Library. October 1, 2008. â€Å"Internet Cookies.† www.ciac.org. October 1, 2008

Monday, November 11, 2019

Hotel Rwanda Essay

The film Hotel Rwanda was about Paul Rusesabagina who was the hotel manager of Hotel des Mille Collines. In this film, he was set in a time and an environment where there was so much internal violence and conflict between ethnic groups or communities in Rwanda between the Hutu and the Tutsi. Paul was trying to run his hotel amidst all these controversies and dangers lurking around him, his family and his fellow countrymen. He was well-aware of these hazards being placed right in the middle where he would encounter people from both ethnic communities while being a part of one. This film presented the alarming event that changed and set the country of Rwanda in the map of the world as a place where some of the worst atrocities of mankind had been committed, where around 800,000 people were killed in short span of three months. Amidst these horrifying circumstances, Paul stood up to save not only his family and friends but his fellowmen doing everything he could to save the lives around him.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The film showed the burden Paul had to carry as a husband, as a father and as a citizen. Paul was a Hutu but his wife, Tatiana, was actually a Tutsi. Being married to his wife, a Tutsi, Paul would be considered a traitor to the Hutu. The highlighting part of the movie was on the night of the civil war where Paul had to save his family and friends. He then brought them to his hotel. At the same time, more refugees were also arriving at the hotel. Paul left the hotel to seek help and would then talk with the Hutu army general who after some time agreed to go to the hotel. When they arrived, the hotel was already under siege. Paul searched for his family and found them safe hiding.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This film was about the Rwandan genocide which happened in 1994. This genocide arose from the conflict between the Tutsis and Hutus. Since the colonial times, there had been tension between the Hutu who happened to be the majority in the country and the Tutsi’s who were the minority.   Belgians were the colonial masters who brought about the problem by empowering the minority Tutsi’s making them the elites of the country. As a result of this, the Hutus continued to be seen as second class citizens in a country where they were the majority in terms of population. The social structure which had been fairly dynamic was divided into two competing and fighting ethnic groups; this resulted in a full blown genocide in Rwanda in April 1994 which saw more than 800,000 people die within a short time most of them being hacked to death (Marko-Stockl, 2004).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The movie was very alarming and terrifying seeing how certain communities in a country would fight amongst each other. The most frightening reality was that 800,000 people were killed in just around three (3) months. I personally feel that such events like these would sometimes be influenced by so many factors and circumstances. The reason would largely point out to the historical occurrences that happened in the country especially the influence of the colonial power that took control of the country. The movie was interesting and depicted an inspiring story of love for one’s family and one’s country. It showed that in times of great peril, there were still those who would be courageous enough to stand up, lead and protect those that he could. The movie should be something that would let those in power and those who could do something in times of events like genocide or other heinous and disturbing events to reach out and help. Imagine that people and organizations would discuss in meetings and conferences whether or not to help a country while thousands and thousands of people were dying. I believe that Hotel Rwanda should be seen not just as a mere movie, but a warning and an eye-opener to truths and realities present in the world that would be ignored and set aside. This movie would be a beacon that would stand against apathy and indifference present in the world, in the leaders and in the attitudes of so many people. Work Cited Edith Marko-Stà ¶ckl. The Making of Ethnic Insecurity: A Case Study of the Krajina Serbs. (2004)   

Friday, November 8, 2019

Civil Movements Discrimination and Its Consequences

Civil Movements Discrimination and Its Consequences Introduction Since time in memorial, different groups of people in human history have received varied treatment based on their gender, race and ethnicity. This means that some injustices and inequalities exist in various parts of the world. In this regard, human rights groups and civil movements have emerged to challenge the existing social structure and social arrangements that segregate some members of society.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Civil Movements: Discrimination and Its Consequences specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More By definition, civil liberties are those rights that a person should be allowed to exercise without restriction. In other words, they are natural and granted naturally. The UN charter states that individuals must exercise their rights without state intervention. Conversely, state sovereignty is incompatible with individual freedoms and rights. In the United States, the constitution a llows people to participate in public activities without discrimination based on either race or gender. The constitution was amended to suit the desires and wishes of the majority. After the American Civil War, the US government came up with laws that would bar some states from exercising political injustices as regards to voting and electioneering process in general. Various groups have stood up firmly to demand for their rights, including the 1960s civil groups. Even though the US constitution and various acts of congress condemn discrimination and injustice, various groups are still faced with a problem of domination and sub-ordination in key sectors of the economy. Few people control the means of production while men own the majority of societal wealth. Some groups such as women and the youths are not incorporated in political processes as equal partners. Their roles are not clearly defined, which leaves something to be desired. This article addresses the problem of discriminati on and its consequences. This would be an attempt to explain the existing injustices in various sectors of the economy and in the society generally. Synopsis of the Problem The main problems that breed injustices in the American society are male patriarchy, unequal economic relations (capitalism), political participation and racial discrimination. The three problems are closely related in that one affects the other. The black race and women are more affected because their culture is never respected.Advertising Looking for research paper on public administration? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Furthermore, they are the proletariat meaning that the bourgeoisie uses them in acquiring power and material possessions. Women are always relegated to the private domain of the home while the black race is forced to work for the white race in order to make a living (Azevedo 54). The unequal relation between men and women and b etween the blacks and whites is a major problem that concerns the civil movements. In fact, the majority of civil groups are formed to address the problem of unequal distribution of wealth and the position of women and the blacks in society. It is noted that the blacks were shipped from Africa in the 16th to 19th centuries to work for the white race. This implies that they were treated in the same way as stocks. Human beings were elements that could be used in trade, just as gold, silver and coffee. Slaves went through unpalatable conditions while in the hands of white masters. They could be beaten, overworked, harassed sexually and in extreme cases, exterminated. Africans could not tolerate these conditions, which forced them to engage whites and the government in conflicts in order to free themselves. They formed various civil groups that would liberate them from the house of bondage. The civil movements were formed in various places within the country but the major ones were crea ted in 1960s. The civil groups gave Africans and other neglected groups a chance to articulate their issues. Through the groups, various reforms were made, including constitutional amendments. The civil organizations were first controlled by the government but were later on allowed to operate as private entities. Most groups were controlled by religious organizations and faiths. Maulana Karenga observes that the major aim of civil groups was to break down impediments that affected socio-political and economic participation within the US society (185). The organizations intended to remove penalties and societal barriers that segregated people based on race and gender. Africans in America had tried to gain political and economic freedom for over a century, being traced back to the Civil War. This means that in American history, blacks have never enjoyed their freedoms as regards to political participation such as voting for preferred candidates, being voted for, being appointed to key government positions and being involved in governmental decision-making. In the economic front, they were included in the financial system as underdogs.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Civil Movements: Discrimination and Its Consequences specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Though Africans were making some progress pertaining to their rights and freedoms, the southerners had formulated stricter rules and regulations that could not allow blacks to interact freely in society. The southerners perpetually subjugated and oppressed the civil society. This means that people were not allowed to assemble or move freely. In the south, Africans could not access equal opportunities in terms of education and social interaction. Public services such as schools, hospitals and other recreational facilities were not available to Africans. Racial discrimination was practiced in all parts of the country. For instance, those indi viduals who escaped from the south encountered similar problems elsewhere. The society had an issue with the black race because no one appreciated the fact that each person has an equal opportunity in life. The south implemented unpopular laws, which were oppressive in nature. They were referred to as Crow’s laws. It is evident that the society disliked the black race. The police implemented the law separately. Strict measures were applied to Africans while the whites were favored in many occasions. In the labor market, blacks never feared any better. They were allocated inferior jobs and were subjected to poor working conditions, without proper housing policies. White citizens harassed blacks but the law enforcement agencies never acted to avert the situation. Blacks were subjected to public beating or were arrested without proper reason in case found intermingling with the whites. Achievements of Civil Movements Africans in America managed to change some policies that infri nged on their rights and freedoms. Unity is one of the factors that helped Africans since they would act as an entity but not as individuals. This ensured that they were not victimized and harassed. The first break through was witnessed in 1909 when the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) was formed. The organization was formed in response to the 1908 riots that occurred in Illinois State. The organization aimed at improving the lifestyles of Africans by condemning racial segregation. However, as Maulana Karenga puts it, the movement was ineffective because it was controlled by the white race. This means that it could not apply techniques such as violent rioting meaning that it was not militant. To some extent, the movement managed to put off repressive Crow’s laws that permitted the lynching of Africans in public places. The activities of blacks were boosted in 1950s when the high court decided that laws discriminating blacks be put off.Adverti sing Looking for research paper on public administration? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In the education front, the court rejected the south’s move to have a separate educational curriculum for white and black students. It can be concluded that NAACP managed to convince the government to allow Africans to vote. This played a key role in abolishing segregation and racial violence. Another important achievement was witnessed in 1956 when rioters stormed the streets demanding for equal representation and freedom of movement. The protests took place at Montgomery Bus station where the blacks decided to change the seating arrangements, which was also racially segregated. For a long time, the rights of blacks had been infringed because they were not allowed to decide where to seat when travelling. Africans decided not to use bus services and opted for other means of transportation for over a year. This was a blow to the whites. Whites had no option but to grant independence to black passengers. The achievements at Montgomery encouraged other blacks to take part in the same inconsistencies hence granting Africans more powers all over the country. Civil movements were transformed with the emergency of leaders such as Martin Luther king Jr. The leader was very dynamic as regards to political activities in the entire US. Luther King ensured that blacks made a progress in the political field. The activist was involved in the Montgomery bus strike and other important activities that followed. In particular, he contributed in the establishment of the southern Christian Leadership. In 1963, he participated in a peaceful demonstration that serves as an icon to the activities of the civil groups. It was at the same time that he gave a famous speech titled ‘I have a dream’. The contents of the speech inspired so many people in the entire US. Luther King was one of the best orators since he commanded a high respect among both whites and blacks. During the Washington demonstration, he led a group that consisted of over 250, 0000 people. The 1963 demonstration wanted the government to check on police brutality, segregation in public schools and provision of an effective job program. Africans had no jobs, apart from being harassed by the police. It is unfair to mention civil movements in the US without describing the efforts of Martin Luther King Jr. He was rewarded with a noble peace prize due to his incomparable contributions to the activities of civil organizations. Martin Luther King ensured that each person was allowed to exercise his or her right without state intervention. Problems Encountered One of the major problems was resistance from whites and government. The activities of blacks were interpreted as a direct violation of law. The police could frequently corner African leaders and harass them thoroughly. Whites ridiculed Africans, terming them as failures. It was very difficult for Africans to convince other races that each person had a right and a role to play in society. During the development of the movement, Africans were perpetually denied services such as shopping. This implies that whites could not sell anything to Africans. In other words, the civil movements had no government support. They had to fight it alone, which proved to be tricky. Furthermore, Africans had no resources to be utilized in coordinating their activities. Calling for mass action demands capital. However, Africans soldiered on with their efforts despite lacking enough capital (Jacob 90). For feminist civil movements, the major problem was unity. Women were not united because their objectives were not uniform. Black women were much concerned about living standards and improvement of social services such as healthcare, medication, childcare services and food security. On the other hand, academic feminists wanted the state to recognize academic literature formulated by women. They proposed that feminist courses should be incorporated in the national curricula. In this field, feminine courses are currently offered in various institutions of higher learning. White feminism wanted the government to institute laws that could provide them with equal opportunities. They were also concerned about domestic violence where women were forced to have sex with their male counterparts. Conflict of interests could be singled out as the major problem encountered by women in their quest to freedom (McPherson 89). Conclusion Overall, the civil rights movements have helped black people and other minorities achieve their dreams and goals. The civil groups insist that an individual has the right to do as he or she wishes as long as he or she does not violate the law. In this regard, each person has the potential to fulfill his or her wishes. The state should only act as a means to individual fulfillment. This has seen many blacks participate in elections actively. It is not surprising that the current US president is a black. This is highly attributable to the activities of civil movements since independence. Howe ver, racial and gender discrimination is still eminent in society. However, more needs to be done to eliminate the problem. Azevedo, Joaquim. Africana studies: a survey of Africa and the African Diaspora. 3rd ed. Carolina: Carolina Academic Press, 2005. Web. Jacob, Harriet. Incidents in the life of a slave girl. Harvard: Harvard University Press, 2007. Print. Karenga, Maulana. Introduction to Black studies. 2nd ed. Michigan: University of Sankore Press, 2010. Web. McPherson, James. Battle Cry of Freedom: The Civil War Era. Oxford: Pulitzer Prize, 2003. Print.

Wednesday, November 6, 2019

Old Guard and Young Turks

Old Guard and Young Turks Old Guard and Young Turks Old Guard and Young Turks By Maeve Maddox Both terms, Old Guard and Young Turks, have been adopted for various purposes. According to the Wikipedia disambiguation pages, the terms have been applied to everything from a magazine and Internet news service to a street gang. In a general figurative sense, the terms are ideological opposites. Originally, the term Old Guard had military connotations, but now it is used in reference to any type of group. It refers to the older and most conservative faction in an organization. Aversion to change is the old guard’s most salient characteristic. The term Young Turks originated with the civil conflicts that racked Turkey at the beginning of the 20th century. It referred to opponents of the sultan’s absolute monarchy. They formed the Committee of Union and Progress and seized power in 1913. Nowadays the terms represent opposing models of leadership. The Old Guard want to keep things as they were. The Young Turks want to change the way things are done and don’t want to do it gradually. Here are some uses drawn from different countries and different types of organizations. Tea party vs. old guard in GOP Senate rift (Headline, The Denver Post) Old guard and young turks combine for stunning  victory (Headline for a story about an Australian cricket match) A storm is brewing within the MDC-T dominated Bulawayo City Council (BCC) as the party’s â€Å"young turks† who were elected as councillors in last month’s elections feel the â€Å"old guard† had failed the local authority. (Sunday News, Zimbabwe) [In a book about the C.I.A.] he traces the bitter fights between Langley’s old guard and Young Turks over whether the agency should use the new armed Predator drones to hunt and kill even Osama bin Laden. (New York Times) Army rifts: Is the old guard taking on the young Turks? (Headline, (Daily Monitor, Uganda) The majority which would control the vote would be a coalition between the â€Å"old guard† Democratic Party establishment, and the â€Å"young turks,† recent graduates of the University of Hawaii Law School. (Fighting Tradition: A Marine’s Journey to Justice by Bruce I. Yamashita) Santa Cruz Sierra Club: Old Guard vs. Young Turks (Headline, Santa Cruz Patch) Another â€Å"guard† expression is used when new leaders take over from the previous crew: changing of the guard. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:45 Synonyms for â€Å"Food†75 Idioms and Expressions That Include â€Å"Break†15 Names and Descriptions of Effects

Monday, November 4, 2019

The Concept of Globalization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Concept of Globalization - Essay Example The essay "The Concept of Globalization" talks about the globalization concept as a way of how the world is connected in all the sectors of human life, from technological, economical, political, socio-cultural and even environmental developments. All this a major contributing factor towards the presentation of a world democracy where there is a large market economy with ease of access for individuals around the world. Globalization nowadays is a very heated topic, both on the positive side and the negative side. Many are against globalization due to their belief in the sovereignty of a country with everything being centralized and many are for it as it is giving them a larger ground to play. Although debated as a capitalist concept, globalization is the need of the day with everyone some way or another involved in the process. Countries are always involved in doing trades, people are involved through the internet, and people immigrate for better work, processes like these make globalization a true fact and a reality that has contributed much towards the scope of International Relations. When the world talks about power, wealth, innovation and capitalism, America is the country they direct to. The concept of Globalization thus emerging from the U.S depicts that it is a new way of how the United States want to be perceived in the comity of nations. The power of globalization residing within the U.S, it then is much like a dictatorship towards a freely moving and changing concept.

Saturday, November 2, 2019

Symbolism In the short story Repent Harlquin Said the Ticktockman Essay

Symbolism In the short story Repent Harlquin Said the Ticktockman - Essay Example The symbols discussed in this essay are in consideration to Ellison’ story and three other sources. In a society where everyone is a conformist to the set rules and codes of conduct, Ellison’s first symbol is the protagonist, the Harlequin. The Harlequin is a defiant character who refuses to conform to the rules and regulations of the society. According to Bresin (2006, p.1) the Harlequin is a symbol of individualism against a backdrop of bureaucracy and totalitarian rule. The Harlequin is an allegory of disobedience and dissent in a utopian society, who incites the citizen against the regime. As White (pp. 1) writes that the Harlequin symbolizes the efforts of a few people in the society trying to save fellow men from historical equilibrium. The aim of such men is not to dislodge the state from power rather; it is to urge the people to act freely and let their conscience rule over their actions. In this regard, therefore, White (ibid) sees the Harlequin as a symbol of morality, when he chooses to follow his conscience and rebel against oppression. In a society controlled by the ticking of the clock, the Harlequin has no regard for punctuality, a fact well known by state apparatus. As Bresin (pp.1) illustrates, the Harlequin is a threat to the culture of the Ticktockman society. ... Rather, the citizens should come out and enjoy the sunshine and life in general. While the people are busy listening to his defiance of the Ticktockman and watching his antics, a lot of time is lost. In an effort to curtail the activities of the Harlequin, the Ticktockman orders all the at the construction site to stop their work and hunt down the Harlequin. The construction workers waste a lot of time looking for the harlequin, time that would have been used to build the economy of this authoritarian society. This is an achievement for the Harlequin who has managed to make people shift away from the ideals of the society, even if it is to hunt him down. In addition to his antics, the Harlequin has a dress code distinct from everyone else’s in the society. He dresses in colorful costumes, themselves a symbol of forgotten times when society was not so grey and mechanized. He uses these costumes to attract the attention of the law-abiding citizens, causing them to listen to him and fail to carry out their duties. Obviously, the Harlequin’s actions and costumes do not amuse many of the conformists, such as Alice, Everett’s (the Harlequin’s real name) lover. Alice is displeased with Everett’s actions, when she asks him why he is always outdoors at night â€Å"in the ghastly clown suit, running around annoying people† (Ellison, pp.220). The Ticktockman, the antagonist, is an image of civil suppression in a tyrannical society. It is hard to tell whether the Ticktockman is a real man or a robot since he is always wearing a mask Bryant (pp.163). At the end of the story, however, the Ticktockman appears to be more of a robot than a human being as he breaks down into a

Thursday, October 31, 2019

Global Business Prespective Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Global Business Prespective - Coursework Example Companies that follow the international strategy tend to sell locally produced goods and services in foreign market while making certain amendments to their offerings in compliance with foreign market needs. 2. Product shaping is one of the diversification strategies that can be implemented by an organization through strategic management. Organizations that adopt this strategy tend to indulge in the development of a new product for a market that already exists (Hitt, 2009). For example: In India there was a strong existing market for carbonated drinks that was being served by Pepsi Corporation. Later Coca-Cola Company even started offering carbonated drinks in India. This strategy may not always be successful because the current market may already be loyal to another organization that is satisfying their needs and may be reluctant in changing from the already present provider. 3. The term franchising is used to refer to the license that one company operating in a particular nation offers to another company an individual which allows them to operate a similar company in their local regions with the same name (Hitt, 2009). Franchisors can earn revenue from franchisees by obtaining fee revenue which is an upfront payment that a franchisee pays to the franchisor for opening up a franchise with the same name. Franchisors even earn through royalties which is a certain percentage of the total revenue that has been earned by the franchisee. 4. Micro loan is a term used to refer to the money that is lent by a financial institution or the government in order to decrease poverty in their nation (Hitt, 2009). The purpose of microloan is to provide money to the poor and needy people who cannot obtain loans from commercial banks as commercial banks charge higher interests and have a very stringent repayment solution. Micro loans

Saturday, October 26, 2019

Ritz Carlton marketing analysis

Ritz Carlton marketing analysis 1. Introduction: Ritz Carltons marketing conduct is a true paradigm that follows root rudiments of Marketing as a management discipline i.e. recognising, anticipating and satisfying customer needs profitability as defined by Chartered Institute of Marketing, UK (Cited in Brassington Pettitt, 2001). At same point of time, the activities undertaken by Ritz Carlton under its marketing strategy not only contribute to overall brand development but rather also exemplify innovative methods to promote products or services and most significantly how to satisfy claims promised to customers as part of the strategy. This assignment focuses to reveal current positioning of Ritz Carlton in industry, and discuss in depth important factors responsible for success of company. At same point of time, assignment will also examine the imperative factors that contribute to Ritz Carlton quality of service as perceived by customers. Finally light would also be laid down on how company tries to provide consistent -universal experience to its customer all round the world and factors that act as obstacle against it. Company Overview: Ritz Carlton is one of the most well known luxury hotels company in the world. Right from inception, Ritz Carlton has brought significant innovation in practises of hospitality industry (See The Ritz Carlton, 2010a).With history of existence and success of over 100 years, Ritz Carlton as a company currently adopts Limited Liability Company nature of ownership. Ritz Carlton LLC is subsidiary company of Marriot Hotel Incorporation. The parent company, Marriot Hotels hold as many as 18 brands including Ritz Carlton. The Ritz Carlton at presents manages 72 luxury hotels in 24 countries located in 5 different regions in the world, the USA and Canada; Mexico, Caribbean and South America; Asia-Pacific; Europe; and Middle East. Besides, the company has a number of further expansion plans specifically concentrated towards eastern world with a view to take advantage of booming market. (See Worth, 2009) Service Marketing With development of marketing as a discipline, the scope of marketing has also enhanced. Jacques et al (2007) rightly points out that it is organisations self interest that decide its future course of it action. This self interest of any organisation largely depends upon nature of business it adapts and therefore, it is extremely important to recognize with what range of organisation we are dealing with beforehand, (Like Consumer, B2B, Service, Small Business, Web based and so on) so that its marketing strategy can be woven around core goals. Ritz Carlton test on product spectrum offered by Brassington Pettitt (2007) indicates that the product that they deal with is characterised by extremely greater level of service or in fact pure services. RITZ CARLTON ritz_carlton_logo.jpg Intangibility Perishability Lack of Ownership Heterogeneity Inseparability Different customer will opine differently on their experience at Ritz. Customer involvement plays vital role. Customer need to come in contact with hotel -Service provider. No Exchange of any Items takes place as part of primary offerings. Simultaneous process of producing and consuming service. Essence of Ritz Carlton success measure depends on Experience of customers Figure 1: Position of Ritz-Carlton in the Product Spectrum Assumptions: Ritz Carlton as discussed above is not only a subsidiary of Marriot Hotel Incorporation but also a LLC that deals with various type of accommodation. This does not just include hotels but rather also involves Clubs and residence properties. This assignment specifically focuses on Ritz Carlton as chain of hotels. Moreover, analysis is completely based on its worldwide presence and not limited to any particular geographic market. This is intentionally done so as to understand marketing of Ritz Carlton as chain of hotels rather any specific unit. However, for understanding and justification purpose, region specific examples are cited in certain parts of assignment. 2. Exploring Secret behind Ritz Carltons Success: Ritz Carlton as an organisation offers its services across five continents. Right from USA to Asia its hotels at first look give us experience of beyond imagination architecture and provides stereotype of luxury and elegance. There is no doubt to the fact that physical surrounding (which include premises) in case of service industry act as one of the most important element, that define success criteria for influencing consumer behaviour (Bitner M.,1992) and portray what it stand for. Physical evidences i.e. tangible items add value to service being offered. However, it can be argued that it is not the lone measure responsible for hotels success. The basic reason behind this is, a customer never judges a hotel solely on foundation of its tangible infrastructure (Building, Technological availability, Type of Rooms etc) but rather there are number of other elements that play vital role. This part of assignments will try to identify such important factors responsible behind Ritz Carlton success. Successfully Targeting Segmentation: The need of customers varies for various reasons and therefore it is very important to identify prospective strategic customer for organisation, (Johnson et al, 2008) at same point of time organisation must also have calibre to satisfy the targeted group of customers. Ritz- Carltons continued success, behind the scenes depicts its ability to successfully targets it segmentation, offering perfect Marketing Mix elements. Moreover, it also ensures that modifications are made in marketing mix elements with changing scenario in market trends and both these factors act as key elements. Kotler et al (2009) emphasise on a point that, marketing is all about forming strategy towards consumer and customer needs and thereby offering service or product that satisfy those needs. Ritz Carlton as an organisation in true sense is perfect at following and applying this basic ideology. This assignment aims to identify success factors of Ritz Carlton in light of marketing mix elements with a view to jus tify above argument. Identifying Market Focus (Segmentation): Marriot Hotels has divided their business to number of segments where Ritz Carlton serves as Luxury Lodging (See Marriot Hotel Incorporation, 2008) and hence it is very evident from this fact that Ritz Carlton as a company exists to serve luxurious hospitality Ritz Carlton hotels are located at more than 70 destinations, the basic customer segment which Ritz-Carlton targets is, people with rich lifestyle in all aspects of life. Irrespective of any geographic location on earth, age, social-cultural belief, opinion of an individual, the common element that Ritz tries to concentrate is People with Lavish living. Therefore, it can be invariably noticed that Ritz Carlton adopts concentrated targeting method towards Psychographic segmentation. As Brassington Pettitt (2007) rightly points that lifestyle segmentation is very difficult to define, we came up with following attributes that Ritz Carlton try to target. (See figure 1.1). Psychographic Segmentation Ritz Carlton Figure 2 Targeting Customer Segmentation Factors Defining Success of Ritz Carlton: Perfect Offerings (Product): The product anatomy (See figure 3) of Ritz Carlton illustrates that it is not just a customary hotel which satisfies basic needs but rather, it aspires to provide unforgettable experience to its customers, which perfectly matches its target market. Most importantly, providing value added services as personalised attention very well justify its marketing appeal to customer Experience The Ritz, enabling it to exceed customer expectations. Moreover, this value added services acts as source of tremendous additional revenues for Ritz Carlton. (Baxter J, 2007) One of vital point to focus is product development undertaken i.e. offerings of special packages, with a view to attract more customers and adapt to current market situations. (See Appendix) Furthermore in hospitality industry, locations act as products, as it creates value to selling points and influence buyers behaviour as well (Brassington Pettitt, 2007). All properties of Ritz Carlton are majority placed in USA, China and Europe an countries which are strategically located as it intends to focus on top most tourism and business destinations of the world. (See UNWTO, 2006) Moreover, Ritz Carlton has its hotels at New York, London, Paris, and Dubai which are strongest cities in terms of highest occupancy rates of rooms. (Worth S., 2009) ritz_carlton_logo.jpg Figure 3 Product Anatomy of Ritz Carlton Directly getting in touch with end Customer (Place) In service industry generally, there exist direct selling between service provider and end customer and the basic reason behind this is core characteristics of service products by nature (i.e. Perishability, Intangibility, Heterogeneity, and Inseparability) as discussed above. (Cowell, 1984) The activity of providing service for hotels initiates as soon as customer triggers its efforts for bookings. Ritz Carlton recognises importance of rise in online booking which almost doubled in 2007 (Research by Travelclick cited in Baxter J., 2007) and offers easy access to its customer to book from its own website. Ritz Carlton has also entered into best available rate programmes with website as (such as Thomson.co.uk, InspiredLuxuryEscapes.com) to play with consumer confidence to get cheapest rates on web. This evidently suggests that primary focus of Ritz Carlton is to directly contact the customer which is vital need of service marketing i.e. to reach out customer and influence their behavi our encouraging them to experience your service (Brassington Pettitt, 2007). Pricing Concentrating towards Sub-Segmentations (Price) Price must convince customers perception towards compensation of service offered and value paid against it (Jacques et al, 2007) and therefore it is vital to ensure that pricing strategy is in synchronisation with segment targeted. As Javalgi et al (2006) rightly indicates that Ritz Carlton extends it services to industry executives, meeting and corporate travel planners, and affluent travellers, targeting sub-segments also plays important role. Ritz-Carlton has carved niche for itself which is evident from various range of prices its offer. At Ritz London one night accommodation costs from about  £250 up to  £3500, while similarly in USA markets the range exist between 200$ to 3000$ (As on 10 march 2010). This suggests that Ritz Carlton concentrates on sub segmentation acts as an advantage. However, base pricing is one of the areas where Ritz Carlton needs to seek improvements (See Current Positioning part) to attract more customers. Brassington Pettitt (2007) also brings to notice important issue that price is an important tool to manage demand. Understanding this vital point, during recent tough time company brought out number of attractive packages to influence more customer (Like package of 2 nights stay at 449$ per family) (See Schultenover J; Strout E, 2002) and that defines companys ability to alter marketing mix elements as per relevant conditions. Balance Innovative Endorsement (Promotion): Ritz Carlton involves itself with both form of promotional activities as referred by Berkowitz et al (1992) i.e. product oriented and institution oriented. It adopts a balance promotional strategy ensuring that using product oriented approach it continuously communicates with customers regarding its USP (Unique Selling Point) and recent offerings on other hand it uses Institution oriented approach to preserve Ritz Carlton as a Unique brand with historical excellence influencing consumer behavior. Impact of Promotion on Consumer Perceptions towards Ritz Carlton: High Expertise Premium Brand Life Time Experience Symbol of Status Going Beyond Expectations Respect For Brand A matter of Pride Innovative and benchmark for Quality Figure 4 Impact of Promotion on Consumer In addition to this, Ritz Carlton adapts PULL strategy (Brassington Pettitt, 2007) using perfect medium to directly communicate with customer. With rise in concept of Social marketing Ritz Carlton has tied up with Travel Click to actively manage its promotion over web. (Hospitality.Net, 2009) To target business travellers, paper adverts are given in leading business magazines (e.g. Business Traveller) along with television adverts and advertising in airlines. One of the important observations is Ritz Carlton uses its own Website as major promotional medium. All package brochures, promotional videos, Ritz Carltons own magazine are uploaded to website. (See The Ritz Carlton, 2010) One of the significant points of observation is Ritz Carlton provides innovative edge to its promotion strategy. One of the classic examples is, it markets its biggest asset i.e. Employees. There is not a single promotional videos which fails to give importance to its own staff representing them as creators and followers of high quality standards in industry terming them as Our Ladies Gentleman (See The Ritz London, 2008; Ritz Culture, 2007). Apart from this, instead of using simple adverts Ritz Carlton has created short films which are aired on televisions, hotel rooms, and websites to make people understand what uniqueness of its services is. (See The Delay, 2008; The Last Night, 2008, New Gold Standards, 2010, Audi and Tarma, 2007). Hence innovative and a balance promotional strategy is one of the important factors responsible behind Ritz Carlton success. Staff- A Biggest Asset (People) March, J.G and Simon (1958) emphasise on vital point that organisations are primarily formed and governed by people and therefore image reflection of organisation largely depend upon actions of its staff and this is especially true in case of service industry as it deals with process of interactive marketing (Kotler P and Armstrong G, 2004; Brassington Pettitt,2007). Ritz Carlton understands this vital point and implements customer focused approach. It aims at hiring right people, providing best fit to organisations culture of Putting Customer First who are characterized with a strong sense of values and overall desire to go beyond the call of duty. (Emerald Database, 2003) Furthermore, Ritz Carlton goes step ahead, as an organisation, it strives to get known for its excellent service and that act as a key to its success. Organisation best at this must try to invest their money, talent, time and attention to strengthen their current positing (Ferrell O.C; Hartline M., 2006) and that what Ritz Carlton does by investing in its people. In this process, over the year Ritz Carlton has developed and raised bars of customer services with help of their staff which itself now act as their behavioural core competence that cannot be easily imitated by others. (Johnson et al, 2008; Bacon, 2005) Internal Values Operations (Process) It is important for service industry to pay attention to both, employees and customer to successfully implement process of service profit chain. Ritz Carlton as an organisation aims to take extreme care and respect for their employees, with an understanding that, in return they will put up efforts to fulfil even unexpressed wishes of their customer. (Kotler P and Armstrong G, 2004) The employees are empowered, trained to develop gold standards (See Emerald Database, 2002) and are considered biggest strength of the organisation which produces exemplifying services towards customer. Employees are trained motivated to develop relational exchange with customer with a view to increase loyalty and development of brand. (Jain R and Jain S, 2006) Creating Value Internal Process CUSTOMER FOCUS Figure 5 Service Profit Chain for Ritz Carlton Another important contributing factor is Ritz-Carlton has been successful in developing its own culture of servicing (Kent W, 1990) which is now considered as gold standards (Benchmark) towards quality development in servicing industry. Ritz Carlton also uses CLASS database with purpose of registering likes/dislikes, Interests, preferences, previous problems faced, attitude of every individual customer to provide personalised service. Hence, putting all together, these are innovative process that enables Ritz Carlton to fully engage employees and generate a creative delightful experience to its customer on one hand and simultaneously developing an unique core competence for itself at other hand.(Timmerman J, 2009) 2. Current Positioning According to Kotler et al (2009), all marketing strategy is built on STP Segmentation, Targeting, and Positioning. A company discovers different needs and groups in the marketplace, targets those needs and groups that it can satisfy in a superior way, and then positions its offering so that the target market recognizes the companys distinctive offering and image. Positioning is process of analysing product or service, offered in context of competitive space (includes buyers and competitors) it works out. (See Brassington Pettitt, 2007; Kotler et al 2009) It is a way of creating and engaging a place in the mind of the target market by highlighting the companys offering, brand and image. The ultimate outcome of positioning is a flourishing establishment of a consumer focused value proposition, in other words a convincing reason why the target market should buy the product (Kotler, 2003) and therefore it act as base to companys success. This part of assignment aims to explore current positioning of Ritz Carlton in market. The basic idea is to understand customers perception towards our brand and towards our closest competitors. At same point of time identifying attributes that are responsible for creation of this illusion in minds of customer Identifying relevant attribute players: The various attribute offered by the brand represents its market position, which are viewed and compared against other brand. Brands that offer similar package of attributes are deemed to be in the same competitive set (Dev C.S et al, 1995) and therefore it is important to concentrate on direct competitors rather than industry as a whole. Efforts must be laid down to identify players with similar attributes competing on same values. (Johnson et al, 2007) It is a nature of the hospitality industry that most of the attributes offered are intangible which makes it tricky for the customer to differentiate the offerings of the competitor as such things can be experience only by staying in the hotel. A part of the positioning is also subjective, as it involves customers perception towards brand. Here, analysis is based on Marketing Metrix Hospitality Index* which reveals price and level of customer satisfaction from the feedback of more than 35000 customers across world. (See appendix) There are numerous players in hospitality industry targeting luxury segment and so it is decided to firstly filter relevant players on basis of tangible attribute i.e. area of market covered geographically, as analysis is based on worldwide scenario. This enables us to get core market competitors (See figure 2) (To an extent it influences customer choice of hotel, as it defines scope of service being provided and also impacts brand creation process in eyes of customer) Hotels Area Covered Number of Properties Ritz Carlton LLC Across 5 Continents 72 Fairmont Raffles Hotels International Group Across 5 Continents Around 65 Starwoods Hotel Resorts Le Meridien 16 Countries 116 Four Seasons PLC 35 Countries Across 5 Continents 83 InterContinental Hotel Group Across 60 Countries 166 (The Ritz Carlton, 2010; Four Seasons, 2010; InterContinental Hotels Resorts, 2010; Fairmont Hotels Resorts; Starwoods Hotel Resorts, 2010) Table 1 Identified Relevant Players on Basis of Geographical area The other two most important attributes identified from view point of customer are price and quality. Quality can be judged on several others important sub attributes (As Quality of food and beverage, physical appearance and in-room facilities, helpful and courtesy of staff, Technology etc.) and therefore this aspect is judged on basis of customer satisfaction index which provides comprehensive picture of it. About MMHI*: Based on 35,000 customer interviews conducted each quarter, the Market Metrix Hospitality Index (MMHI) is the largest and most in-depth measure of hospitality company performance available today. (MMHI, 2010) Taj Hotels Resorts rc_logo_en Industry Competitors Four Seasons Hotels PLC Starwoods Hotel Resorts -ST Regis Mandarin Oriental Hotel Group Fairmont Raffles Hotels International Jumeirah Hotels Resorts Pan Pacific Hotels Resorts Wyndham Hotel Group Market Competitors Marriot Hotels Incorporation* Oberoi Hotels Resorts Rosewood Hotels group Inter Continental Hotel Group Starwoods Hotels Resorts Le Meridien Figure 6: Competitors analysis of Ritz-Carlton Starwoods Hotel Resorts*: Its Brands, St. Regis Le Meridien targets luxury segment within total of 152 properties across world. Marriot Hotels Incorporation*: Although Ritz Carlton is subsidary of Marriot Hotel Incorporation, it has got more than 18 brands and there is defiante possiblity that these brand may compete amongst each other and therefore Marriot Hotel Incorporation is also considered as Industry competitor. Perceptual Mapping: The graph represents all the players targeting luxury segment with widespread presence all over the world under hospitality industry. Yet, it must be noted that level of quality, prices offered would differ under this banner as well and it is this factor that differentiates best in comparison to average player in eyes of customer which can be clearly identfied below. Ritz Calton fall under the segment of offering High Quality with High Price. High Quality Oberoi Hotels Ritz Carlton Low Price High Price Four Seasons Inter Continental Le Meridien Low Quality Figure 7 Perceptual Mapping of Ritz Carlton Perceprtual Map enales us to find out gaps and provide us inights towards undertaking competitive action needed.(Brassington Pettitt) Gaps to be filled Up: Customer needs to be satisfied. Pricing Strategy: As discussed above Ritz Carlton concentrates on sub-segments that act as advantage however the minimum base price it offers is subject to risk. Ritz Carlton price starts at about 200$ while that of Oberoi hotels reporting maximum customer satisfaction (93.7) offers base price at 85$.Although, Ritz Carlton brand value is quite high compared to Oberoi group yet, Its a huge gap and therefore it must revise its pricing strategy. Moreover, all of its market competitors also offers relatively too low price, closest being Intercontinental group offering 156$ (See appendix). At same point of time Ritz Carltons closest rival Four Season offers almost equal quality of service (86.6) at price of just 141$ which is matter of worry as well. Improving Loyalty programmes: Ritz Carlton understands that complete customer satisfaction is one of the vital strategic to retain and maintaining long term relationship with its customer and it is best practising at that. (Bacon, 2005; Emerald Database, 2004) However, there is scope for improvement in its loyalty programmes as recent data indicates its loyalty program strength of 5% compared to industry average of 10 %. (See appendix). This will enhance its potential to gain increased customer loyalty. Attracting New Market by adapting service innovations: Ritz Carlton is aware of the fact that the key to a hotels survival is its ability to cater services with changing needs and life styles of customers. (Min et al, 2002) There is no doubt that organisation completely understands changing taste of consumers i.e. people are now becoming more casual compared to traditional formalin approach.(Gunter and Heather, 2007) But this needs to be communicated to customers and therefore, there is need for Ritz Carlton to presents itself as modern, technological hotel group supporting needs of modern, young travellers. At same point of time, as recommended by Victorino et al (2005) company must move further towards service innovation with use of technology to differentiate itself from others. Ritz Carlton has already started implementing steps towards this approach; however there is need for rapid actions and wide promotions with intentions to quickly change consumer perception towards its brand. 2000 Euros for Managing Guest Grievance A Strategic Move! Ritz-Carltons employees are allowed to spend up to $2,000 to redress a guests grievance. The employees are entrusted to spend the money to make a memorable stay for the guest in the hotel. Employees are encouraged to solve the guests complaints immediately on the spot. Permitting the employees to spend a sum of $2,000 shows how much the company trust the judgement of their employees and employees can even spend more than $2,000 with the permission from general manager. The basic logic behind such action is, with existence of fierce competition within the market it is always difficult for firms to increase their market share and therefore key to continue successful growth lies in devoting larger part of firms resources on existing customers with intention to retain them and gain their loyalty (Tepeci M, 1999) Moreover, such act adds value to brand creation and customer satisfaction and that encourages customer to become brand loyal. (Kandampully J and Suhartanto D, 2000) Most importan tly, the question of such spending exceeds overheads does not arise as it is obvious that it doesnt get used on every customer. It acts as meaningful amount yet, used rarely. (Reiss R, 2009). Customer satisfaction is the key to customer retention. A greatly satisfied customer stays loyal longer with the company and talks favourably about the company. A loyal customer is less sensitive to price, pays less attention to the competitors brand and cost less to serve than new customer. From the customers who registered a complaint, between 54% and 70% will do business again with the same company if their complaint is resolved, these number could be pulled up to an overwhelming 95% if the customer experiences that their complaint is resolved quickly. Customers who have complained to an organization and had their complaints satisfactorily resolved tell an average of five people about the good treatment they received (Philip Kotler, 1977), which indirectly contributes to attract further new customer. Expanding the customer retention rate accumulates the customer lifetime value, and therefore this means life time revenue for company. On other hand company, attracting new customers are costly as that include cost of promotions, advertising and so on which can be avoided. Therefore such action is termed as strategic Move by Ritz Carlton. There is also another point of view to this scenario which impacts internal working culture of within organisation. Allowing such amount to spend makes Employee feel that company respect them, trust them, considers them responsible and valuable and this generates feeling of empowerment impacting concept of service profit chain as discussed above. Employees get more engaged with company and works more responsibly ultimately resulting to exceptional customer service, which is the core aim of organisation. Appendix: Product Development by Ritz Carlton (i.e. to offer Special Packages) aims to attract more customers by influencing their behaviour and encouraging them to celebrate this important occasion with them and turn them to Life time Memories. (Festive Season Packages during Easter; Christmas, Valentine Day at Ritz, Summer Break Packages, Weekends Special, and Family Packages) Ritz Valentine photo.jpg (Rogers; Mark, 2009) Along with these Ritz Carlton also developed special packages for companies during times of recession to provide luxury at budgeted economy. Packages were upgraded to more facilities at lower price. Significant efforts were also laid down in promoting it and communicating it to end customers as well. This indicates Ritz Carlton ability to act as per changing external situations (Schultenover J; Strout E, 2002) MMHI Results: Market Metrix Hospitality index indicating customer satisfaction and average price results for hotels under luxury segment and Up Scale hotels. page0001.jpg (Source: MMHI Results, 2009) Video Bibliography: Official Ritz Carlton Promotional Videos: 1. New Gold Standard (2010) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IW70hBP5cIc (Promotional Videos at hotel rooms and Websites) 2. Ritz Culture (2007) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W_iFSAAoQ-A (Interview of Diana Oreck, Vice President Global Learning and Leadership Center) 3. The Last Night (2008) http://video.yahoo.com/watch/2296201/7207129 (Ritz Carlton Short Film in association with America Express) 4. The Delay (2008) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3oFz8E5fbJQ (Ritz Carlton Short Film in association with America Express) 5. The Ritz London (2008) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jQGlyhlhcK0 (Documentary on The Ritz London)